S P Crater

S P Crater
Elevation 6,676 ft (2,035 m) [1]
Location
Location Coconino County, Arizona, USA
Range San Francisco volcanic field
Geology
Type Cinder cone
Age of rock Approx. 71,000 yr [unreliable date]

S P Crater is a cinder cone volcano in the San Francisco volcanic field, 25 miles (40 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona.[2] It is surrounded by several other cinder cones which are older and more eroded. It is a striking feature on the local landscape, with a well-defined lava flow that extends for 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the north.[3]

Contents

Name

The naming of the mountain is a bit of lore from the Old West. S P Crater can be climbed, and the lava flow can be viewed from the crater rim. C. J. Babbit, an 1880s rancher and early landowner of the mountain, expressed his opinion that the mountain resembled a pot of excrement (Shit Pot),[4] and this became the accepted local name.[3] When viewed from certain angles on the ground, the combination of the smooth round shape of the cone, the dark lava spatter on the rim, and the long dark lava flow extruding from the base do indeed resemble a toilet catastrophe. Mapmakers refused to spell out the full name, and the mountain has been shown on maps and other literature with the abbreviated name.

Geology

S P Crater is a 820 foot high cinder cone of basaltic andesite. The cone is capped by an agglutinate rim that helps to protect its structure. A lava flow extends to the north of the cone for ~7 km and originated from the same vent.[5] Some workers consider the lava flow to have slightly predated the cinder cone because of geochemical data that suggests the flow is more silica rich than the cinders and based on the observation that the cone overlaps the lava flow and shows no sign of deformation.[5] However, there is some debate about the relationship between the cone and flow as it is not uncommon to form cinder cones during the early phase of an eruption as a magma degasses, and then to have lava push through the side of a cone during a late phase of eruption.

K/Ar dates on the lava are ~ 70 ka,[6] but are considered unreliable because of excess Ar[7] and the un-weathered young appearance of the cone.

References

  1. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gnis; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text
  2. ^ Susan S. Priest; Wendell A. Duffield, Karen Malis-Clark, James W. Hendley II, and Peter H. Stauffer (2001-12-21). The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona: USGS Fact Sheet 017-01. United States Geological Survey. http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/fact-sheet/fs017-01/. Retrieved 2008-09-02. 
  3. ^ a b Lopes, Rosaly (2005-02-07). The Volcano Adventure Guide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 153. ISBN 978-0521554534. http://books.google.com/?id=eRqrEwvIvKoC&pg=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=SP+Crater. 
  4. ^ Weir, Bill (1999). Arizona Handbook. Moon Publications. p. 205. ISBN 1556911435. 
  5. ^ a b Ulrich, G E (1987). SP Mountain cinder cone and lava flow, northern Arizona. Geological Society of American Centennial Field Guide – Rocky Mountain Section, 1987. pp. 385–388. 
  6. ^ Basksi A, K (1974). K-Ar study of the S.P. flow. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. pp. 1350–1356, v11. 
  7. ^ Duffield, Wendell A; Riggs, Nancy; Kaufman, Darrell; Champion, Duane; Fenton, Cassandra; Forman, Steven; McIntosh, William; Hereford, Richard; Plescia, Jeffrey; Ort, Michael (2006). Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.118, no.3-4, pp.421-429. pp. 421–429. 

External links